What is a crucial element for achieving surprise in tactical planning?

Coordination among units is fundamental for achieving surprise in tactical planning because it enables forces to operate in a synchronized manner without revealing their intentions or movements to the enemy. When units are well-coordinated, they can execute complex maneuvers more seamlessly, which helps to mask their true objectives until the moment of engagement.

Effective coordination ensures that different elements of a force can come together at the right time and place, enabling decisive actions that catch the opponent off guard. This might involve the simultaneous execution of flanking maneuvers, feigned attacks, or rapid movements to advantageous positions, all of which rely on precise timing and mutual support to maintain operational effectiveness.

While options such as effective communication, high troop morale, and supportive firepower are indeed important aspects of military operations, they do not directly address the critical need for units to work together cohesively to create a situation of surprise. Without coordination, even the best communication or high firepower would not necessarily achieve the element of surprise that is crucial for gaining an advantage in tactical engagements.